To complete question #42 on the "Foundations Investigation," select an article from the PRINT issue of History Today. Your comment should include the following:
- Cultural Region (Sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, Middle East, Central Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Oceania, or Latin America)
- MLA Citation
- Concise (no more than 5 sentences) summary that includes a clear thesis statement
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ReplyDeleteRegion: Sub-Saharan Africa
ReplyDeleteCitation: Hadley, Kathryn. “Rival Rulers of the Cameroons.” History Today Jan. 2013: 38-40. Print.
Summary: Several latent documents of great historical significance have brought new light and understanding to the incidents of conflict that followed the controversial decolonization of Cameroon in the 1950s. These documents illustrate the events that occurred as a result of disputed imperialism of the country. For many years, British and French political forces fought over Cameroon, as each country controlled a portion of the region. This conflict resulted in numerous riots and many subsequent years of guerrilla warfare.
Region: Europe
ReplyDeleteCitation: ”Joséphine De Beauharnais Born in Martinique." History Today June 2013: 8. Print.
Summary:
The article explains how unlikely it was for Joséphine de Beauharnais to become Empress of the French in 1804. Joséphine de Beauharnais, originally Marie-Joséph-Rose Tascher de La Pagerie, was the eldest daughter of an upper middle class family that owned a sugar plantation in Martinique, a French colony. After their sugar plant plummeted due to a hurricane, Joséphine was married to an infantry officer, Alexandre de Beauharnais, for a brief period of time before their marriage fell apart. Eventually after a few hardships, which included being arrested, Joséphine met Thérésia Cararrus who introduced her to a young general, Napoleon Bonaparte. The two got married and after some time Napoleon appointed her to be Empress of the French.
Region- Middle East
ReplyDeleteCitation- Bar-Hillel, Mira. “Man of the Stern Gang.” History Today Nov. 2014: 46-47. Print
Summary- Palestine belonged to Great Britain, but decided that they did not want to be dependent on them anymore, so they created the Stern Gang to try and conquer them to become separate. The article describes how Mira Bar-Hillel, the author of this article, was a friend of Israel Scheib who belonged to the Stern Gang in the 1940s. The Stern Gang was a group of Jews who wanted to break away from Great Britain, but was having some trouble so often turned to violence as a way of persuasion. One violent situation was how the Stern Gang murdered Lord Moyne, one of Great Britain's leader, as a way to hint to Great Britain to let Palestine break away from their rule, which Schieb did agree with. Ultimately, this article describes the life of Scheib and how Palestine strived to become independent from Great Britain.
Region- East Asia
ReplyDeleteCitation- Wert, Hal. "Hoover's Brush with the Boxers." History Today Sept. 2011: 36-43. Print.
Summary- When Herbert Hoover and his wife traveled to China to survey mining land, they were caught in an attack by the Yihetuan group, who were supported by the Chinese Army. Herbert Hoover was asked to work for a mining company in China because he was a renowned geologist and could survey land and determine approximately the value of mineral deposits there. The Yihetuans, or "Boxers", wanted to remove all Christians and foreigners from China. Many Chinese citizens disagreed with the Boxers' motives and fought against them, however the Chinese Army supported and joined them. On June 16, 1900 the Boxers and Chinese army attacked a community of foreigners, and a few days later the US Marines, Japanese army, British Naval Brigade, and Russian, French, and British Sikh troops joined the battle. Afterwards, the Chinese Army ceased support of the Yihetuan group and the group disappeared.
Europe
ReplyDeleteSharpe, Andrew. "The Battle of Neuve Chapelle & the Indian Corps." History Today
Aug. 2015: 46-50. Print.
For all their worth and merit on the battlefields of the first world war, the British Indian Corps never received any due credit. Part of this was because of the flaw of their irreplaceability due to the poor recruitment system of both the soldiers and training of British Officers to lead them. The fact that the Germans and their fellow British Troops saw them as inferior soldiers also didn’t help. But never the less, the gallantry and loyalty of the Indians was undeniable due to their outstanding combat performance in a war far different than any of them could have ever expected.
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ReplyDelete
ReplyDeleteRegion: Europe
Citation: Whitaker, Emily. "Stalin's Resurrection." History Today Sept. 2012: 6-7. Print.
Summary: Although former Soviet leader Josef Stalin has in the past been criticized for his actions, a recent movement for his "rehabilitation" has begun. The Russian people have long despised Stalin for his reckless nature and lack of regard for the safety of his own citizens. However, a movement reared by Putin has attempted to erase evidence of Stalin's wrongdoings, and a curriculum that praises Stalin's actions has been inputted to Russian school systems. This process is viewed by some as threatening that another leader like Stalin could return, but rather, this reimplementation of Stalin's legacy into society should be viewed as a symbol of patriotism for the country of Russia.
Excellent! This article ties into our studies of historiography and the uses of history.
DeleteMiddle East (Cyprus)
ReplyDeleteAlecou, Alexios. "British Law and Order in Cyprus." History Today Oct. 2014: 16-18. Print.
Summary: Britain had to consider different type of rule over their colony of Cyprus. When Britain first colonized Cyprus, there was a lot of crime becuase of the lack of structure in the police system. Britain sent in trained policed officers and that alone stopped most of the crime from happening. By the late 1890's, a well-trained police force had been developed on the island, and they were specialized and professional, unlike the police force when Britain first annexed the island. Britain's purpose for colonizing Cyprus was for military occupation, and overtime they helped build the government into a stronger power.
Region: Europe
ReplyDeleteCitation: Cavendish, Richard. “Mary, Queen of Scots Marries in Edinburgh.” History Today 8 July 2015: 9. Print.
Summary:
The Scottish Princess married a "tall and handsome" man on the 29th of July in Edinburgh. The man arrived just a year earlier when the princess fell hopelessly in love with him and the wedding followed with feasts and celebration all throughout Edinburgh. Soon after the Queen (was Princess) had a baby (James) and the man left her after all they had been through. The Queen then sided with the Earl of Bothwell and had the man and his valet both strangled. Their son James grew up to be the great ruler of England and Scotland under the title as James I and VI.
Region: East Asia
ReplyDeleteCitation: Lincoln, Toby. "Revolution in the Streets." History Today Aug. 2012: 44-46. Print.
Summary: China, the most populated nation worldwide, has become the newest nation to develop into an urban society. After the movement away from the Communist revolution in China, historians began to review factors that lead to their rapid urbanization. They also described how many major Chinese events throughout the twentieth did not stop urbanization, such as The Japanese invasion in 1937. Nevertheless, urbanization continued, and as China's role in the global economy became more important, its cities began to grow into crucial locations for trade and other economical activities. This economical power is what drove a majority of Chinese citizens to live in urban areas.
Region: East Asia
ReplyDeleteCitation: Fenby, Jonathan. “China and Japan: Still at War.” History Today: Music & Death in Napoleonic France Sept. 2013: 27. Print.
Summary: East Asia has much of the world's population, which is why they have developed faster than any region of the world. Although both are moving at a fast pace, their history is still having them conflict with each other. Many countries like China did not want the Qing to fall, but Japan gained more countries to make the Qing fall. More events like these also led to many years of conflict between Japan and China. The Japanese are usually the aggressor in the conflicts with China. There are also a lot of literature that makes Japan seem like they are the bringers or death and mass destruction, which also makes Japan very unhappy.
Englund, Peter. "Touched from a Distance." History Today Nov. 2011: 3-4. Print.
ReplyDeleteThis article talks about the significance of war memorials and veterans upon today's society. The author begins by mentioning how the bodies of three soldiers were recently found. He then talks about how the emotions that went into wars and how they still exist today as a tribute to the dead. Finally the author states that while wars can not be undone, we can learn about them because they are a part of us.
This relates nicely to our discussions on historiography & varying portrayals of history.
DeleteEnglund, Peter. "Touched from a Distance." History Today Nov. 2011: 3-4. Print.
ReplyDeleteThis article talks about the significance of war memorials and veterans upon today's society. The author begins by mentioning how the bodies of three soldiers were recently found. He then talks about how the emotions that went into wars and how they still exist today as a tribute to the dead. Finally the author states that while wars can not be undone, we can learn about them because they are a part of us.
Region: East Asia
ReplyDeleteCitation: DuBois, Thomas. “Asia and the Old World Order.” HistoryToday Mar. 2013: 12-19. Print.
Summary: This article essentially delves into the rise of Asia after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Asian financial crisis of 1997. Also, it discusses the movement of power from West Asia to East Asia with the aid of European imperialism and the connectedness of empires. In addition, it provides specific details about this journey, including the diseases, religions, and cultural aspects that it encountered during that time. Overall, it lays out a basic foundation on how Asia got to where it is today.
Region: Europe
ReplyDeleteCitation: Villani, Tiziana. "Warburg Postwar." History Today Jan. 2015: 26-27. Print.
Summary: This article highlights the history of the Warburg Institute and the influences it had on people. During World War II, this institute provided a place of communication between countries. The war forced the Warburg Library to move out of Germany and into London where it became an Institute. This institution was affected by segregation, the Italian scholars did not work with the Jewish institution staff often and were hesitant to name them as authors when they did work with them. Also, Italians had such great pride in their work that they believed that they would be the modern day Romans.
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ReplyDeleteRegion: Middle East
ReplyDeleteCitation: Evans, Martin. “Out of North Africa.” History Today Nov. 2013: 33-34. Print.
Summary: This article focuses on Albert Camus, a communist from the Middle East who planned to escape a life of poverty and restricted living. All his childhood, Camus lived in a small apartment with no electricity, running water, or a private toilet. While he was trying to make a life for himself, he was living a secret life as an anti-Nazi editor who worked to balance the chaos in North Africa. Camus was consumed by terror with the actions such as the Cold war and discrepancies in Algeria. The wars and battles continuing on in the Middle East caused him to die unexpectedly, showing that his homeland had so much trouble during the 1960's and was not able to grow together as a country.
Region: Europe
ReplyDeleteSummary: "The Roman Hunt" was about the different viewpoints on hunting, and was asking if romans did not approach hunting the way they did, would hunting now be not as elite? In the passage, learning to hunt had been a rite of passage, but many looked at it as training or preparation for war. People viewed it as protection, preparation or sport. Hunting was not just a rich man's game back then, but now it is more of a past time since the Roman's stopped using it as war preparation.
Citation: Dunn, Daisy. “The Roman Hunt: More than Just a Rite of Passage.” History Today Feb. 2014: 6. Print.
Region: Europe
ReplyDeleteCitation: Carelton, George. "Day of Death." History Today Dec. 2011: 33-34. Print.
Summary:
On the 22nd of June, 1941, Hitler had made the same mistake that Napoleon Bonaparte had made a century earlier -- invading Russia from it's eastern boarder. This invasion was known as Operation Barbarossa, and it broke the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact which was signed only two years prior to the invasion. The Soviet Union was devastated as a result of this invasion. Millions of Russian civilians and soldiers would be killed in the process. Nevertheless, the USSR would ultimately defeat the Third German Reich by 1945.
Region: Europe
ReplyDeleteCitation: Lock, Alexander. "Magna Carta: The Atlantic Crossing." History Today July 2015: 31-37. Print.
Summary: This article focuses on the connections between the Magna Carta, and the foundations of the United States government. The United States was founded by former British citizens, who, as children, were taught British history, including the Magna Carta. Thus, when important documents such as the bill of rights, the Declaration of Independence. The original writer of the bill of rights, James Madison, drew heavily upon the Magna Carta for conceptual inspiration among other things in order to write it, in ways that would appeal to the new American system instead of the British. The very documents that founded the United States were created from the Magna Carta, and thus it helped form a fundamental foundation of the country, thus binding the constitutional history of the United States and the United Kingdom.
Very interesting!
DeleteRegion: Europe
ReplyDeleteCitation:
Harvey, Katherine. "Bishops, Kings, and Queens." History Today Oct. 2012: 3-4.
Print.
Summary:
The appointment of bishops in modern times is quite a straightforward process, though it took many changes and disputes throughout the ages to get to how it is today. From the sixth century through the sixteenth century, the Roman Catholic Church governed the English Church, and made laws stating that a bishop should be elected by the clergy and the people of his diocese. Changes began to occur in the eleventh century, when the Gregorian reform movement tried to diminish the power of secular rulers over Church business. Later in the thirteenth century, the process began with the cathedral chapter electing the new bishop and notifying the bishop, his superior, and the king, who had to approve the election; later, certain scenarios and disputes made the pope simply appoint the bishop for the church or churches. In summary, the modern method in which the power of the elections lies with the Crown Nominations Committee was never so simple in past eras, because the appointments needed to be allowed through a long process frequently fraught with disputes.
Region: Europe
ReplyDeleteCitation: Butcher, Barbara. "The Baby Farmer of Reading." History Today June 2014: 38-39. Print.
Summary: This article focuses on the insidious crimes of Amelia Dyer, who murdered innocent babies that she was paid to care for. First of all, during the era of Victorian Britian, many women had to give the responsibility of caring for their beloved children to adopters, due to the disgrace of illegitimacy. Dyer originally became a baby farmer to obtain more money as a single mother, but as time went on, she displayed an unstable mentality as a plethora of infants were being killed under her watch. Later, the police discovered her horrible crimes when they found the bodies of several babies, and her disreputable housing where she preformed these gruesome acts. Dyer could have killed up to two-hundred babies and was hung for her wrongdoings in June of 1986.
Unbelievable!
DeleteRegion: Middle East
ReplyDeleteCitation: Awan, Akil N., and A. Warren Dockter. "ISIS and the Abuse of History." History Today Jan. 2016: 19-20. Print
Summary:
This article is about ISIS's opposition to the Sykes-Picot agreement and how some Muslim dynasties were seeking out power over the others. The Sykes-Picot agreement was a treaty made in 1916 during the First World War that divided the Ottoman Empire between Britain and France. ISIS did not agree that the Muslim's should be prevented from traveling in their lands so they posted a video of ISIS members bulldozing a section of the border between eastern Syria and northern Iraq. In the past, Muslim dynasties fought for power which led some to seek out alliances with non-Muslim powers. ISIS believes that the division of the Muslim world was because of the western world which is a factor in their hatred toward that part of the world.
This is great! We'll look into this in more detail in unit 3.
DeleteRegion: Europe
ReplyDeleteCitation: Abulafia, David. "Britain: Apart from or Part of Europe." HistoryToday: Crusades May 2015: 7. Print.
Summary: A campaign called 'Historians for Britain' believe Britain's unique history sets it apart from Europe. Many historians want the public to be questioned about their relationship between Europe very soon, and see if they feel the same way about the separation. The historians cannot help but feel Britain has developed in a much different way than their neighbors in Europe; this includes legal systems. They also feel that their political temper is much calmer than other, larger European con tries. Overall, Britain always seemed to be a partner with Europe, but not a full participant in it.
Countries*
DeleteVery interesting! In June, Great Britain will be voting on whether or not to leave the European Union.
DeleteRegion: Europe
ReplyDeleteCitation: Cooper, Stephen. “Following in Henry's Footsteps?” HistoryToday Jan. 2012: 16-18. Print.
Summary: King Henry VIII during the 1530s was trying to receive a divorce from his wife, however, without proper human rights, he was not granted a divorce. The issue from King Henry VIII sparked knowledge within the community that we must try to obtain human rights for all people living on Earth that cannot be justified or taken away from anyone else. In the UK, their human rights can be limited and discussed although they should not be up for discussion, this is because there are two different systems based in Britain including one based in Luxembourg and the other in Strasbourg. These two different systems have cause many different debates on which should be used, why and how to initiate the change. In summary, this article focused on the development of common laws and practices across the United Kingdom within the European Legislation.
Region: Middle East
ReplyDeleteCitation: Evans, Martin. "Algeria's Jewish Question." History Today July 2012: 10-16. Print.
Summary: Algeria’s Jewish community in 1961 was faced with some large choices to make. One of them was accepting independence, this choice was being forced by the French at the time. The Jewish community located in Algeria was the minority and only had 130,000 people.They were under different pressures caused by the French, and Arabs that dominated the area over some time. A large majority of the Jewish community left the throughout the 1950s and 1960s while a few remained but this number dwindled over time.